PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126089 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Nihewanian									0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Yushean									2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
		Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
				Opoitian										3.7
				Opoitian	Baodean									4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
			Southland	Waiauan										11.04
					Tunggurian									11.1
		Serravallian												11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian	Shanwangian									13.82
				Clifdenian										15.1
			Pareora	Altonian										15.9
		Burdigalian												15.98
					Xiejiaan									16.9
				Otaian										18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian										23.03
				Duntroonian										25.2
				Whaingaroan										27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
			Arnold	Runangan										34.6
				Kaiatan										36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan										37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian										39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian										41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
				Heretaungan										45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan										47.8
				Mangaorapan										48.9
				Waipawan										52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian										56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
		Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
				Mangaotanean										90.5
				Arowhanan										93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
				Motuan										99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
				Urutawan										103.3
			Taitai	Korangan										108.4
		Aptian		Korangan										113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian					Keila			Idavere †	453
							Haljala				453.9
				Zahorany †/Vinice			Haljala				Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse					456.4 *
							Uhaku			Aluoja †		457.5 *
				Liben †								458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dobrotivian					458.5 *
			Dobrotivian				Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Oretanian				Lasnamagi	459.7 *
							Aseri	460.4 *
				Sarka †			Aseri				461.7 *
						Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
							Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †								467.3
			Arenigian									468
							Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort					485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Guzhangian										Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Branchian	509
		Stage 3										Branchian	514
		Stage 3										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
														538.8