PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean	Late Pleistocene					0.014
		Chibanian				Rancholabrean	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian				Irvingtonian	Middle Pleistocene					0.21
		Calabrian				Irvingtonian	Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene					2.58
		Zanclean					Early Pliocene					3.6
		Zanclean				Hemphillian	Early Pliocene					4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian				Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian				Clarendonian	Middle Miocene					11.63
		Serravallian				Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene					15.98
						Hemingfordian						16.3
						Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene					23.03
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene					27.82
						Whitneyan						29.5
						Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian	Late Eocene					33.9
		Priabonian				Duchesnean	Late Eocene					37
		Bartonian				Duchesnean	Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian				Bridgerian	Early Eocene					47.8
						Wasatchian						50.5
						Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene					56
		Thanetian				Tiffanian	Late Paleocene					56.2
		Selandian				Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene					60.9
		Danian				Torrejonian	Early Paleocene					61.6
		Danian				Puercan	Early Paleocene					63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian	Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian	330.9
			Meramecian	335.8 *
			Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian	Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian					485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian					489.5
						Aksaian					490.7 *
						Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian					504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Early Cambrian						509
						Toyonian					510 *
						Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian					514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian					521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
												538.8