PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian		Tarantian						0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian						0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean								2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian			66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic			100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian			125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan				150
							Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian					Warepan				208.5
							Otamitan				217
							Oretian				221
		Carnian					Oretian				227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian					Etalian				238
		Anisian					Etalian				242
		Anisian		Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian			249
		Induan		Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian	Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Dorashamian	Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian	Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	264.28
						Barettian	266
				Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian			273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian	276
				Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian					283.5
			Telfordian			285
			Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
				Yakhtashian		288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8