PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125945 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian Epochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan							3.6
			Montehermosan							3.7 *
			Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
			Chasicoan							7.9 *
			Mayoan							9.9 *
			Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian	Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian							15.98
			Santacrucian							16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
		Rupelian								27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican							56
			Itaboraian							56.9 *
			Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian	453
			Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
			Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
					Dobrotivian			458.5 *
					Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Middle Cambrian						497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8