PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Lancian/Edmontonian													66
		Campanian	Judithian/Aquilan													72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan					150
											Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian									Warepan					208.5
											Otamitan					217
											Oretian					221
		Carnian									Oretian					227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian									Etalian					238
		Anisian									Etalian					242
		Anisian									Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian					249
		Induan		251.2							Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian			Gamachian	Bolindian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Richmondian				446 *
							Eastonian			449 *
								Berounian		449.7 *
						Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian					450.4 *
			Mohawkian			Chatfieldian					451.1 *
							Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian									453
						Turinian					453.7 *
						Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
			Whiterockian							Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian							458.4
								Dobrotivian						458.5 *
								Oretanian						459.7 *
									Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian		Klabava †					467.3
							Yapeenian	Arenigian						468
							Castlemainian							468.5 *
						Rangerian	Castlemainian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †						Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
														Bendigonian	471.8 *
														Lancefieldian	473.5 *
						Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean		Tremadocian							477.7
						Stairsian									480.3 *
						Skullrockian							Demingian †		482 *
													Demingian †	Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																538.8