PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				Wordian								264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou				Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						Kralodvorian		449.5
										Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian										453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
					Hunjiang †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		Sarka †			466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian						Arenigian				470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	Tremadocian				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8