PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of North America	Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Buntsandstein								Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian									Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian									Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian									Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller								Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Leine								Kuhfengian					264.28
		Roadian									Kuhfengian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									Luodianian					273.01
		Artinskian									Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian									Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian		290.1							Longlinian
		Asselian		Bursumian †	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		Virgilian		300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian		Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian		323.2
		Visean		Chesterian		330.9
				Meramecian		335.8 *
				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
							Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
							Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
							Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
						Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian					Keila			Idavere †	453
							Haljala				453.9
							Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
									Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
								Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
							Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
							Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
						Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †					467.3
								Arenigian						468
							Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
			Varangu				481.3 *
			Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean									493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian		Albertian †							497
		Drumian			Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran		Waucoban †							509
		Stage 4			Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran									514
					Montezuman									514.8 *
					Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8