PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Devonian of Germany	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian				Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Virgilian			298.9
		Gzhelian		Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian		Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian		Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian		Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian		Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian		Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian		Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian			323.2
		Visean		Chesterian			330.9
				Meramecian			335.8 *
				Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian				393.3
		Pragian		Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
						Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean					Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian			Paibian						494
		Paibian			Paibian					Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian					Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian			Drumian					Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian						530.7
												538.8