PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene		Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene		Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene		Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene		Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene		Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †			Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian		Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Chesterian			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean			Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian			Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4				453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3						458.4
						Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Oretanian				459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2			Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1						529
											538.8