PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian					0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene			Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene	Yushean		Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian			Late Pliocene			Waipipian			3
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene			Waipipian			3.6
								Opoitian			3.7
						Baodean		Opoitian			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian						Tongaporutuan			7.246
							Southland	Waiauan			11.04
						Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene						11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian				Shanwangian		Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene						15.98
						Xiejiaan					16.9
								Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene						33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene			Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian			Early Eocene			Heretaungan			47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene			Teurian			56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan			100.5
								Urutawan			103.3
							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian						Korangan			113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian		Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
				Dobrotivian						458.5 *
				Oretanian						459.7 *
					Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
											538.8