International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Silurian Ages of Europe | Mesozoic Subages | Ten Million Year Bins | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Cretaceous Subepochs | European Faunal Units | Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | Senonian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | Cretaceous 4 | Gallic | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | Neocomian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
157.9 * | |||||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | |||||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | |||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | ||||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | |||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | ||||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | |||||||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | |||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | ||||||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | ||||||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | |||||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | ||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Gleedonian | 427.4 | ||||||||||||
Whitwellian | 429.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | Kosovian | 443.8 | ||||||||||
Katian | Kralodvorian | Bohdalec † | 445.2 | ||||||||||||
Berounian | 449.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||||||
Zahorany †/Vinice | Letna † | 456.2 * | |||||||||||||
Liben † | 458 * | ||||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||||||||||
Dobrotivian | 458.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Oretanian | 459.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Sarka † | 461.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | Klabava † | 467.3 | ||||||||||||
Arenigian | 468 | ||||||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | |||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | 497 | ||||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | |||||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||||||
538.8 |