PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of China	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian						Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian						Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian	290.1					Longlinian
		Asselian	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian		300.1
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
										Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
										Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
										Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
										Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian								Keila			Idavere †	453
										Haljala				453.9
										Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Kukruse						456.4 *
										Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
												Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
										Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
										Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
										Aseri						460.4 *
										Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
									Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
										Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
										Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †					467.3
											Arenigian						468
										Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
										Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
										Varangu							481.3 *
										Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Pakerort							485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
																	538.8