PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Lancian/Edmontonian							66
		Campanian					Judithian/Aquilan							72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Noginskian				264.9 *
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian								Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian								Pavlovoposadian				283.5
		Artinskian								Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	303.7
			Khamovnikian	304.8
			Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Prikamian	318.6 *
			Severokeltmian	319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
			Protvian	324.4 *
			Steshevian	326.8 *
			Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Venevian	330.9
			Mikhailovian	331.9 *
			Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian	Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
						Vormsi	Kralodvorian			449.6 *
						Vormsi	Berounian			449.7 *
						Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
						Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian				Keila				Idavere †	453
						Haljala					453.9
						Haljala					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse							456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
									Liben †		458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
						Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian				458.9 *
						Lasnamagi	Oretanian				459.7 *
						Aseri					460.4 *
						Aseri			Sarka †			461.7 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †				467.3
							Arenigian						468
						Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
								Latorp †					470.1 *
						Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8