PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126102 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian of Eastern North America		Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras													168.2
		Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
				Planulata													179.3 *
				Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
				Kanense													181.3 *
				Carlottense													182.3 *
				Kunae													183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae													184.2
				Freboldi													185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras												189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel				298.9
			Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian				Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian				Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan						Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian						Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian						Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
												Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Eastonian		Cautleyan			449 *
												Pusgillian			449.3 *
					Caradoc						Streffordian	Onnian †			449.6 *
											Streffordian		Berounian		449.7 *
				Cheneyan		451.5 *
				Cheneyan		Gisbornian				452 *
				Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
				Aurelucian												456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn										458.4
													Dobrotivian			458.5 *
													Oretanian			459.7 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn										461.3 *
												Sarka †				461.7 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian								Klabava †				467.3
													Arenigian			468
					Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
				Castlemainian												468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian												470
				Chewtonian		Whitlandian										471.1 *
				Bendigonian												471.8 *
				Lancefieldian												473.5 *
						Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian						Tremadocian				477.7
						Cressagian										480.8 *
				Warendian		Cressagian										482.8 *
				Warendian												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														497
		Drumian														500.5
		Wuliuan														504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
	Series 2	Stage 3														514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8