PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126108 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Tarantian				0.0117
		Chibanian								Ionian				0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian	Ionian				0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian					56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian							Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan					100.5
									Urutawan					103.3
								Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian							Korangan					113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian		Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
				Eastonian		Pirgu				449 *
						Vormsi				449.6 *
						Vormsi	Berounian			449.7 *
						Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
				Gisbornian		Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian				Keila				Idavere †	453
						Haljala					453.9
						Haljala			Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
								Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian				458.5 *
			Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi	458.9 *
			Oretanian			Lasnamagi	459.7 *
						Aseri	460.4 *
						Aseri	Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
						Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian			Klabava †					467.3
			Arenigian	Yapeenian								468
				Castlemainian								468.5 *
				Castlemainian		Billingen						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian								470
				Chewtonian						Latorp †		470.1 *
				Bendigonian								471.8 *
				Lancefieldian								473.5 *
						Hunneberg						473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian			Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
				Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian						485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
							Aksaian						490.7 *
							Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan											505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
							Toyonian						510 *
							Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian						514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian						521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
														538.8