PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of China		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian						66
		Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9			Kuzel
			Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
				Stephanian B		300.9 *
				Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian		307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
				Westphalian C		309.8
				Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B		315.2
				Westphalian A		317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
				Marsdenian		320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
				Alportian		322 *
				Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian		323.2
				Arnsbergian		324 *
				Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †		330.9
			Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian			Paibian					494
		Paibian			Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian			Drumian				Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian					530.7
											538.8