PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian								66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic								100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian								125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian							458.5 *
			Oretanian							459.7 *
				Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian			Tavgian †				Ketyan †/Yurakian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †	509
			Toyonian			Lenian †					510 *
			Toyonian				Dyeran				511 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3									514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
			Atdabanian				Montezuman				515.6 *
			Atdabanian				Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †					529
														538.8