PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene		Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4	453
						Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				458.4
			Dobrotivian						458.5 *
			Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2	Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5						485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
										538.8