PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian											2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
		Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan											11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
				Clifdenian											15.1
			Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian											23.03
				Duntroonian											25.2
				Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
			Arnold	Runangan											34.6
				Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian											41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
				Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
				Mangaorapan											48.9
				Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian											66
		Campanian		Haumurian											72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan											83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
				Mangaotanean											90.5
				Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan											93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
				Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan											100.5
				Urutawan											103.3
			Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian		Korangan											113
		Aptian													117.5
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	264.28
		Roadian			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			Kralodvorian		449.5
											Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
			Zahorany †/Vinice										Letna †	456.2 *
			Liben †											458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
											Dobrotivian			458.5 *
											Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †											461.7 *
			Sarka †						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian					Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Tremadocian						477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian					Tremadocian		Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8