PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian						2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian						3
		Zanclean		Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian				47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan					56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian		Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
				Mangaotanean						90.5
				Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
				Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						100.5
				Urutawan						103.3
			Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †		445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
				Zahorany †/Vinice				Letna †	456.2 *
				Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
					Dobrotivian				458.5 *
					Oretanian				459.7 *
			Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
										538.8