PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126096 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian									66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan									72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan											150
				Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian		Warepan											208.5
				Otamitan											217
				Oretian											221
		Carnian		Oretian											227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian		Etalian											238
		Anisian		Etalian											242
		Anisian		Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian											249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
				Puruhauan	254.2
				Puruhauan	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			Urzhumian	266
		Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian	276
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
				Telfordian			Sarginian	285
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
							Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran						514
								Montezuman						514.8 *
								Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8