PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian												Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian												Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian												Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian												Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian												Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian												Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian												Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan											150
				Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian		Warepan											208.5
				Otamitan											217
				Oretian											221
		Carnian		Oretian											227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian		Etalian											238
		Anisian		Etalian											242
		Anisian		Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian											249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
				Telfordian	285
					288.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
						Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
						Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
						Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
						Haljala				453.9
						Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
						Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
						Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
							Arenigian						468
						Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Datsonian							485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
							Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian							489.5
		Paibian					Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan							497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian							499
		Drumian	Undillan	500.5
		Drumian	Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
		Stage 4		510.8 *
		Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
															538.8