PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125968 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	European Faunal Units	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17		Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17		Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Mangapanian	Yushean	Villanyian			2.58
					Waipipian		Villanyian			3
							Ruscinian			3.1 *
			MN 15							3.2
		Zanclean								3.6
					Opoitian					3.7
			MN 14							4.2
			MN 13			Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean		Turolian			5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12							7.246
			MN 11							7.75
			MN 10				Vallesian			8.7
			MN 9							9.7
			MN 9	Southland	Waiauan					11.04
			MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8				Astaracian			11.63
			MN 6							12.8 *
			MN 6		Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian	MN 5		Lillburnian	Shanwangian				13.82
					Clifdenian					15.1
				Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4				Orleanian			15.98
			MN 3			Xiejiaan				16.9
			MN 3		Otaian					18.7
			MN 2				Agenian			20
		Aquitanian								20.44
				Landon	Waitakian					21.7
			MN 1							22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
					Duntroonian					25.2
					Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Arnold	Runangan					34.6
					Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian					41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
					Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan					47.8
					Mangaorapan					48.9
					Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian					56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian			Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
					Mangaotanean					90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian			443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
			Dobrotivian						458.5 *
			Oretanian						459.7 *
						Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †	467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
										538.8