PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126102 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian	MP 16		Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian												254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
							Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel	298.9
								Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian							Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian							Cantabrian	307
								Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
			Marsdenian						320.2 *
			Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
			Alportian	322 *
			Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chokierian	323.2
			Arnsbergian	324 *
			Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian			443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian				449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
					Dobrotivian						458.5 *
					Oretanian						459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan							485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran	514
					Montezuman	514.8 *
					Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
														538.8