PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126734 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian				3
		Zanclean				Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian				13.82
						Clifdenian				15.1
					Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Waitakian				23.03
						Duntroonian				25.2
						Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian	Kekeamuan							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan				34.6
						Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
						Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian		Bumbanian		Heretaungan				47.8
						Mangaorapan				48.9
						Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Teurian				56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian				Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
						Mangaotanean				90.5
						Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan				93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
						Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan				100.5
						Urutawan				103.3
					Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian				Korangan				113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian	358.9
							Middle Famennian	365.3 *
							Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian	372.2
							Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
							Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian		443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian					453
							Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †		458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
				Dobrotivian			458.5 *
				Oretanian			459.7 *
					Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ungurian	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian					485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian					489.5
				Aksaian					490.7 *
				Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian					504.5
		Wuliuan							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
				Toyonian					510 *
				Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian					514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian					521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
										538.8