PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
		Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
		Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian											33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan											37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan											56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian					425.6
		Gorstian				Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian			Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Telychian		436.3 *
		Aeronian		438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Vormsi	Kralodvorian		449.6 *
						Vormsi	Berounian		449.7 *
						Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
					Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
						Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian				Keila			Idavere †	453
						Haljala				453.9
						Haljala				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse						456.4 *
						Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
								Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Lasnamagi	Dobrotivian					458.9 *
						Lasnamagi	Oretanian					459.7 *
						Aseri						460.4 *
						Aseri		Sarka †				461.7 *
					Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
						Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †					467.3
							Arenigian						468
						Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
									Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Hunneberg	Tremadocian						477.7
						Varangu							481.3 *
						Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8