PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian					Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Wordian					Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Filipovian					276.5 *
					Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian		276.8 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
							Irginian		285.9 *
					Rusavkinian		Irginian		287.6 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian				307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
			Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian	Siegen						407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian					443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian					Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
								Zahorany †/Vinice		Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian							458.5 *
				Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8