PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni			Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
		Katian			Pirgu				Gamachian				445.2
					Pirgu				Richmondian				446 *
					Vormsi				Richmondian				449.6 *
					Vormsi				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
					Nabala	Johvi †			Maysvillian				450 *
					Nabala				Edenian				450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere				Edenian				450.6 *
					Rakvere			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
					Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian			Keila	Idavere †							453
					Keila				Turinian				453.7 *
					Haljala								453.9
					Kukruse								456.4 *
					Kukruse			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
					Uhaku	Aluoja †							457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku								458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum							464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka						467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
									Rangerian				469.1 *
					Billingen				Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
						Latorp †							470.1 *
					Hunneberg								473.7 *
									Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
									Stairsian				480.3 *
					Varangu				Stairsian				481.3 *
					Varangu				Skullrockian/Demingian				482 *
					Pakerort								482.2 *
			Mansian †		Pakerort								483.55 *
													485.4 *
													486.3
													486.5
													487.5