PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Siberia	Ordovician of North America
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan					Gamachian				445.2
				Rawtheyan					Richmondian				446 *
				Cautleyan									448.9 *
				Pusgillian									449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †								449.6 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
									Edenian				450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
				Cheneyan									451.5 *
				Burrellian									452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
					Actonian †								453.2 *
					Actonian †				Turinian				453.7 *
					Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †							454.2 *
					Longvillian †								455.2 *
				Aurelucian									456.8 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian								457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn									458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn									467.3
			Arenig	Fennian									468.4 *
									Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian					Blackhillsian				471.1 *
				Whitlandian					Tulean				473.9 *
				Moridunian									474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian									477.7
				Migneintian					Stairsian				480.3 *
				Cressagian					Stairsian				480.8 *
									Skullrockian/Demingian				482 *
							Mansian †						483.55 *
							Mansian †						485 *
													485.4
													487.5