PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Australia	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene								0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene								0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian						Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene					Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene					Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene					Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian						Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian						Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene								41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan							56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
		Induan									251.2
		Induan				Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai					251.902
											252.4 *
						Chhidru					252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru					254.14
						Kalabagh					255 *
						Wargal					256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
							265.3 *
						Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb	266.9
		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian		Gamachian	445.2
				Richmondian	446 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
				Edenian			450.4 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian		Chatfieldian			453
				Turinian			453.7 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian		Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean					477.7
				Stairsian					480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian					485.4
					Payntonian					486.8 *
					Payntonian					487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian					489.5
		Paibian			Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan					497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian					499
		Drumian			Undillan					500.5
		Drumian			Floran					503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian					509
		Stage 4								510.8 *
		Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8