PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian		MN 17						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		MN 16						2.58
		Piacenzian		MN 15						3.2
		Zanclean		MN 15						3.6
				MN 14						4.2
				MN 13						4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		MN 13						5.333
		Tortonian		MN 12						7.246
				MN 11						7.75
				MN 10						8.7
				MN 9						9.7
				MN 7 + 8						11.1
		Serravallian		MN 7 + 8						11.63
		Serravallian		MN 6						12.8 *
		Langhian		MN 5						13.82
		Burdigalian		MN 4						15.98
				MN 3						16.9
				MN 2						20
		Aquitanian		MN 2						20.44
		Aquitanian		MN 1						22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian							66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic							100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian		Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian		Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	467.3
		Dapingian	Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean					477.7
				Stairsian					480.3 *
				Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10							487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
										538.8