PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126164 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand			Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			Yushean			2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian						3
		Zanclean				Waipipian						3.6
						Opoitian						3.7
						Opoitian			Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan						7.246
					Southland	Waiauan						11.04
									Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian										11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian			Shanwangian			13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian										15.98
									Xiejiaan			16.9
						Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian				Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan						93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan						100.5
						Urutawan						103.3
					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian				Korangan						113
		Aptian										117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan			150
				Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian		Warepan			208.5
				Otamitan			217
				Oretian			221
		Carnian		Oretian			227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian		Etalian			238
		Anisian		Etalian			242
		Anisian		Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian			249
		Induan		Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			Dorashamian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian			Dorashamian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan			Dzhulfian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian				264.28
				Barettian				266
							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	273.01
				Mangapirian			Kubergandian	276
							Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian						283.5
				Telfordian				285
				Telfordian			Yakhtashian	286
							Yakhtashian	288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian					Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian				Gamachian		445.2
						Richmondian		446 *
						Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian			450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian			453
						Turinian			453.7 *
					Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian								467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean					477.7
						Stairsian					480.3 *
						Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian					485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
												538.8