PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126164 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran				Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean				0.129
												Irvingtonian				0.21
								Castlecliffian								0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
												Blancan				1.4
								Nukumaruan								1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan								1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian								2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian								2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian								3
		Zanclean						Waipipian								3.6
								Opoitian								3.7
								Opoitian				Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan								7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
												Clarendonian				9.4
							Southland	Waiauan								11.04
		Serravallian														11.63
												Barstovian				12.5
								Lillburnian								13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian								13.82
								Clifdenian								15.1
							Pareora	Altonian								15.9
		Burdigalian														15.98
												Hemingfordian				16.3
												Arikareean				18.5
								Otaian								18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian								20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian								23.03
								Duntroonian								25.2
								Whaingaroan								27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
												Whitneyan				29.5
												Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Chadronian				33.9
							Arnold	Runangan								34.6
								Kaiatan								36.7
												Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian														37.71
								Bortonian								39.1
												Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
								Heretaungan								45.7
												Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian														47.8
								Mangaorapan								48.9
								Mangaorapan				Wasatchian				50.5
								Waipawan				Wasatchian				52
								Waipawan				Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian				Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian										Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	273.01
							Cathedralian	Bolorian	279.8
							Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							283.5
								Yakhtashian	286
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	Yakhtashian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill				Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
									Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
									Cautleyan			448.9 *
									Pusgillian			449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †			449.6 *
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
					Cheneyan								451.5 *
			Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian			453
					Actonian †				453.2 *
					Actonian †				Turinian		453.7 *
					Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †		454.2 *
					Longvillian †								455.2 *
			Aurelucian										456.8 *
									Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn										458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn										461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn										467.3
			Arenig	Fennian										468.4 *
										Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
				Whitlandian						Blackhillsian					471.1 *
				Whitlandian						Tulean					473.9 *
				Moridunian											474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian											477.7
				Migneintian						Stairsian					480.3 *
				Cressagian						Stairsian					480.8 *
				Cressagian						Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
														Demingian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Stage 10													487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
																538.8