PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of China			Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian	Gamachian				443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian					Gamachian				445.2
			Chientangkiangian					Richmondian				446 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Richmondian				449.5
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian			449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		Chatfieldian				453
								Turinian				453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		Ordovician 3						458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	Ordovician 3						466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian			Ordovician 2						467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian					Rangerian				469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian	Yiyangian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Ordovician 1						477.7
					Lianghekou †							477.9 *
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian/Demingian				482 *
												485.4
												487.5