PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125959 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Siberia			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5		Clarendonian						11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian						12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
					Hemingfordian						16.3
					Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
					Whitneyan						29.5
					Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian						47.8
					Wasatchian						50.5
					Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian			Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Missourian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
						Khamovnikian	304.8
						Krevyakinian	305.8 *
				Desmoinesian		Krevyakinian	305.9 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian	307
						Podolskian	308.9 *
						Kashirian	311.4 *
				Atokan		Kashirian	312.7 *
						Vereian	313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Morrowan		Cheremshanian	318.4 *
						Prikamian	318.6 *
						Severokeltmian	319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
						Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Chesterian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
						Protvian	324.4 *
						Steshevian	326.8 *
						Tarusian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Meramecian	Tulian	335.8 *
				Meramecian	Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Osagean	Bobrikian	343.1 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
				Kinderhookian	Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
		Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian	489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian							Idamean	494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Idamean	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4			Ayusokkanian			Mindyallan	497
						Ayusokkanian			Boomerangian	499
						Mayan/Menevian			Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian							Undillan	500.5
		Drumian							Floran	503
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3			Amgan/Solvan			Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
						Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
						Toyonian				510.8 *
						Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2			Botomian				514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
											538.8