International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of the Russian Platform | Central Paratethys Stages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Devonian Subages | Permian Subages of Germany | Devonian of Czechoslovakia | Permian of Western Europe | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Yushean | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Buntsandstein | 251.902 | ||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Zechstein | 254.14 | ||||||||||
Tatarian | Vyatkian | 256.8 * | ||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Severodvinian | Ohre/Aller | Rotliegendes | 259.51 | |||||||
Wordian | Urzhumian | Leine | 264.28 | |||||||||
Roadian | Kazanian | Povolzhian | 266.9 | |||||||||
Sokian | 270.7 * | |||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kungurian | Irenian/Ufimian | 273.01 | ||||||||
Filipovian | 276.5 * | |||||||||||
Saraninian | 280.1 * | |||||||||||
Artinskian | Artinskian | Sarginian | Autunian | 283.5 | ||||||||
Irginian | 285.9 * | |||||||||||
Burtsevian | 287.8 * | |||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | Sterlitamakian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Tastubian | 291.7 * | |||||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | Shikhanian | 293.52 | |||||||||
Uskalykian | 294.8 | |||||||||||
Surenian | 297.5 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Late Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||
Middle Famennian | 365.3 * | |||||||||||
Early Famennian | 368.5 * | |||||||||||
Frasnian | Late Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Frasnian | 375.4 * | |||||||||||
Early Frasnian | 379.3 * | |||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Late Givetian | Srbsko | 382.7 | ||||||||
Middle Givetian | 383.7 * | |||||||||||
Early Givetian | 385.9 * | |||||||||||
Eifelian | Late Eifelian | Chotec | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Eifelian | 390.3 * | |||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Late Emsian | Daleje/Zlichovian | 393.3 | ||||||||
Early Emsian | 398.3 * | |||||||||||
Pragian | Pragian | Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
Lochkovian | Late Lochkovian | Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
Middle Lochkovian | 412.8 * | |||||||||||
Early Lochkovian | 415.6 * | |||||||||||
419.2 |