PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian							Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Late Pliocene			2.58
				Zanclean							Early Pliocene			3.6
				Zanclean							Early Pliocene		Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian							Late Miocene			5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian							Middle Miocene		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian							Early Miocene			15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene			23.03
				Rupelian							Early Oligocene			27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian							Late Eocene		Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian							Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian									Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian							Early Eocene		Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian							Late Paleocene		Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian							Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian							Early Paleocene		Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian							Early Paleocene		Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian	Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
			Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian			Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian			358.9
					Middle Famennian			365.3 *
					Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian		Late Frasnian			372.2
					Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
					Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian			382.7
					Middle Givetian			383.7 *
					Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian		Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian		Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian		Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani				433.4
			Telychian		Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere				438.5
Raikkula			Aeronian		439.4 *
Raikkula			Rhuddanian		440.8
Juuru			Rhuddanian		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian	489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian			499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan			505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
				Toyonian	510 *
				Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
		Stage 2			525.5
		Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635