International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126130 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of Western Europe | North American Land Mammal Ages | Silurian Ages of Europe | Cambrian of Britain | Permian of the Pamirs | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | 247.2 | ||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Dorashamian | 251.902 | |||||||
Wuchiapingian | Zechstein | Dzhulfian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Rotliegendes | Midian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||||
Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||||||
Murgabian | 266.2 * | ||||||||||
Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | |||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kubergandian | 273.01 | ||||||||
Bolorian | 279.8 | ||||||||||
Artinskian | Autunian | 283.5 | |||||||||
Yakhtashian | 286 | ||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
305.9 | |||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | ||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | ||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | ||||||||
Frasnian | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | |||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | Gleedonian | 427.4 | ||||||||
Whitwellian | 429.7 * | ||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | |||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | ||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | ||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | |||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | ||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | ||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Merioneth | Dolgellian/Trempealeauan | 485.4 | ||||||
Festiniogian | 489.2 * | ||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||
Maentwrogian | 493.1 * | ||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | St Davids | 497 | ||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||
Wuliuan | 504.5 | ||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Caerfai | 509 | ||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | ||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | ||||||||||
538.8 |