International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of the Salt Range | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||
| Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Vokhmian | 247.2 | ||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||
| Kathwai | 251.5 * | ||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
| 252.4 * | |||||||
| Chhidru | 252.9 * | ||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian | 254.14 | |||||
| Kalabagh | 255 * | ||||||
| Wargal | 256 * | ||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian | 259.51 | ||||
| Wordian | Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian | 264.28 | |||||
| 265.3 * | |||||||
| Amb | 266.1 * | ||||||
| Roadian | Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian | 266.9 | |||||
| 270.7 * | |||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
| 305.9 | |||||||