PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia		North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran						Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan																Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian																Rancholabrean	0.129
																		Irvingtonian	0.21
												Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian																	0.774
																		Blancan	1.4
												Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian							3
		Zanclean										Waipipian							3.6
												Opoitian							3.7
												Opoitian						Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian																	7.246
																		Clarendonian	9.4
											Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian																	11.63
																		Barstovian	12.5
												Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian							13.82
												Clifdenian							15.1
											Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian																	15.98
																		Hemingfordian	16.3
																		Arikareean	18.5
												Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian							23.03
												Duntroonian							25.2
												Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
																		Whitneyan	29.5
																		Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																Chadronian	33.9
											Arnold	Runangan							34.6
												Kaiatan							36.7
																		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																	37.71
												Bortonian							39.1
																		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																	41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
												Heretaungan							45.7
																		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
												Mangaorapan							48.9
												Mangaorapan						Wasatchian	50.5
												Waipawan						Wasatchian	52
												Waipawan						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian						Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian																Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian																Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian																Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian																Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian																Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
				Mangaotanean		90.5
				Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan		93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
				Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan		100.5
				Urutawan		103.3
			Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Korangan		113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Induan				251.2
		Induan				Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian				Chhidru	254.14
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian					Wordian	264.28
								265.3 *
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb	Roadian	266.9
		Roadian					Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian						Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian				393.3
		Pragian			Siegen				407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian					Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian						Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							Kralodvorian		449.5
											Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
			Zahorany †/Vinice										Letna †	456.2 *
			Liben †											458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
											Dobrotivian			458.5 *
											Oretanian			459.7 *
			Sarka †											461.7 *
			Sarka †						Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian	Klabava †										467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian								Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian								Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	Tremadocian										477.7
										Lianghekou †				477.9 *
										Lianghekou †				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian												Batyrbaian			489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian												Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian												Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan												Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan			509
														Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3												Botomian			514
		Stage 3												Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian			521
		Stage 2												Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian				Manykaian †								Nemakit-Daldynian	529
																			538.8