PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian									Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian									Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian									Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
											Hemingfordian	16.3
											Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
											Whitneyan	29.5
											Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian	47.8
											Wasatchian	50.5
											Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian									Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Noginskian	Wordian	264.9 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian	276.8 *
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
			Longlinian					285.4 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
					Krevyakinian				305.9
		Moscovian			Myachkovian				307
					Podolskian				308.9 *
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian				313.8
					Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian				315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Prikamian				318.6 *
					Severokeltmian				319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
					Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian				323.2
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Tarusian				329 *
		Visean			Venevian				330.9
					Mikhailovian				331.9 *
					Aleksinian				333.7 *
					Tulian				335.8 *
					Bobrikian				339.9 *
					Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian				346.7
					Kizelian				350.7 *
					Cherepetian				351.9 *
					Karakubian				354.4 *
					Upinian				356.3 *
					Malevkian				357.6 *
					Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian						485.4
		Stage 10		Payntonian						486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						489.5
		Paibian		Idamean						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan						497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian						499
		Drumian		Undillan						500.5
		Drumian		Floran						503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	509
												510.8 *