PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of the Baltic	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Siberia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6		Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian										Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian										Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean										Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian								Cenozoic 5		Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
														Hemingfordian	16.3
														Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4			23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
														Whitneyan	29.5
														Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3		Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian										Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian										Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian								Cenozoic 2		Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian										Bridgerian	47.8
														Wasatchian	50.5
														Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1		Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian										Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8			66
				Campanian								Cretaceous 7			72.1
				Santonian								Cretaceous 6			83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5			93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4			100.5
				Aptian								Cretaceous 3			113
				Barremian								Cretaceous 2			121.4
				Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2			125.77
				Valanginian								Cretaceous 1			132.6
				Berriasian								Cretaceous 1			139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6			145
				Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5			149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian								Jurassic 4			165.3
				Bajocian								Jurassic 4			168.2
				Aalenian								Jurassic 3			170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3			174.7
				Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2			184.2
Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
			Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
			Carnian	Triassic 3	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	Triassic 1	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2	273.01
			Kungurian		Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian		Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian		Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Silurian 2	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		Gleedonian	427.4
							Jaagarahu		Gleedonian	429.2 *
									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian					Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian					Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2		470
			Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		477.7
			Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4		Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan					Cambrian 3		Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan			509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
			Stage 3					Cambrian 2		Botomian			514
			Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian					Cambrian 1		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †			571.7 *
															635