International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Ammonite Chrons of North America | European Faunal Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | Epizigzagiceras | 168.2 | ||||||||
| Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense | 168.4 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta | 174.7 | |||||||
| Planulata | 179.3 * | |||||||||
| Arnioceras arnouldi | 179.8 * | |||||||||
| Kanense | 181.3 * | |||||||||
| Carlottense | 182.3 * | |||||||||
| Kunae | 183.5 * | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Freboldi | 185.1 * | |||||||||
| Whiteavesi/Imlayi | Tetraspidoceras | 186.2 * | ||||||||
| 189.2 * | ||||||||||
| Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras | Canadensis | 190.3 * | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Pseudaetomoceras | Psiloceras | 196.4 * | ||||||||
| Franziceras/Euphyllites | 196.5 * | |||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Kuzel | 297.7 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
| Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | |||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
| Tournaisian | Ivorian | 346.7 | ||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||