International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 125929 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Mesozoic Subages | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||
157.9 * | |||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | |||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | ||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | ||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||
Julian | 233.4 * | ||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | ||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | ||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | |||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | ||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | ||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | ||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | ||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | ||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | |||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | ||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | ||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | ||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | |||||
Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | ||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | |||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | ||||||
Asselian | 293.52 | ||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | |||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||
305.9 |