PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America						Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan																		Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene																		Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian																		Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian																		Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian																		Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian																		Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean																			3.6
		Zanclean																		Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian														Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian														Pannonian				Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian														Sarmatian				Clarendonian	11.63
																Sarmatian				Barstovian	12.5
																Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
																				Hemingfordian	16.3
																				Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
																				Whitneyan	29.5
																				Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian																		Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian																		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian																		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian																		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian																		Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian																		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian																		Bridgerian	47.8
																				Wasatchian	50.5
																				Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian																		Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian																		Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian																		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian																		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian																		Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †				298.9
		Kasimovian		Mapingian †				303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Chientangkiangian				Gamachian	445.2
							Chientangkiangian				Richmondian	446 *
							Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				Richmondian	449.5
											Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian		450.4 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian									Chatfieldian		453
											Turinian		453.7 *
										Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo						458.4
		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian					Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian					Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Yiyangian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Xinchangian								477.7
									Lianghekou †						477.9 *
											Stairsian				480.3 *
											Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
														Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian														Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian														Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †													Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Amgan/Solvan			509
																Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
																Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3														Botomian			514
		Stage 3														Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														Tommotian			521
		Stage 2														Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian														Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
																					538.8