International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126325 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Central Paratethys Stages | European Faunal Zones | European Faunal Units | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||
MN 10 | Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||
Badenian | MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||
MN 2 | Agenian | 20 | ||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||
Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||
Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||
Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||
Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | ||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||
305.9 |