International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Devonian of France | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Cambrian of North America | Cenozoic Subepochs | Devonian Subages | Mesozoic Subages | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
157.9 * | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | ||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | |||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | |||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||||
Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||
Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | ||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
305.9 | ||||||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Famennian | Late Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
Middle Famennian | 365.3 * | |||||||||||
Early Famennian | 368.5 * | |||||||||||
Frasnian | Frasnian | Late Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
Middle Frasnian | 375.4 * | |||||||||||
Early Frasnian | 379.3 * | |||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Givetian | Late Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
Middle Givetian | 383.7 * | |||||||||||
Early Givetian | 385.9 * | |||||||||||
Eifelian | Couvinien | Late Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
Early Eifelian | 390.3 * | |||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Late Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
Early Emsian | 398.3 * | |||||||||||
Pragian | Pragian | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Coblencien | 408.2 * | |||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | Late Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
Middle Lochkovian | 412.8 * | |||||||||||
Early Lochkovian | 415.6 * | |||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | 419.2 | ||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||
Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||||
Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||||
Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan | 485.4 | ||||||||
Sunwaptan | 487.5 | |||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||||
Steptoean | 493 * | |||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | |||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Marjumian | Albertian † | 497 | ||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||||
Wuliuan | Topazan | 504.5 | ||||||||||
Delamaran | 506.5 | |||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | Waucoban † | 509 | |||||||||
Dyeran | 511 * | |||||||||||
Stage 3 | 514 | |||||||||||
Montezuman | 514.8 * | |||||||||||
Begadean | 519.9 * | |||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||||
Fortunian | 529 | |||||||||||
538.8 |