PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America					North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6							Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene							2.58
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene							3.6
		Zanclean				Early Pliocene						Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene						Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene							15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene							23.03
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene							27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene						Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian				Late Eocene						Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene						Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2							Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene						Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene						Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian				Late Paleocene						Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene						Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian				Early Paleocene						Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian				Early Paleocene						Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Buntsandstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian			Leine		264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian		Leine		264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian				283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian				287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
			Khamovnikian				304.8
			Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	Carboniferous 4			307
			Podolskian				308.9 *
			Kashirian				311.4 *
			Vereian				313.8
			Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
			Cheremshanian				316.9 *
			Prikamian				318.6 *
			Severokeltmian				319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
			Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Protvian				324.4 *
			Steshevian				326.8 *
			Tarusian				329 *
		Visean	Venevian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian	Siegen			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3					458.4
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2	467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian		469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5		Skullrockian				485.4
		Stage 10									487.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4						497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3						509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1						529
													538.8