PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 125929 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian			Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian			Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian			Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				2.58
		Zanclean				3.6
		Zanclean			Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian			Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian				13.82
		Burdigalian				15.98
					Hemingfordian	16.3
					Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
		Rupelian				27.82
					Whitneyan	29.5
					Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian			Bridgerian	47.8
					Wasatchian	50.5
					Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian			Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
		Pragian	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
						419.2