PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of the Baltic	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean										Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian										Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
												Hemingfordian	16.3
												Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
												Whitneyan	29.5
												Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian	47.8
												Wasatchian	50.5
												Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian										Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare	Silurian 2		419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani	Silurian 1		433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan				445.2
				Cautleyan				448.9 *
				Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan					451.5 *
				Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4		453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian						470
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian				Ungurian		Ordovician 1	477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian		Cambrian 5	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian			Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian		Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	497
								Ayusokkanian			Boomerangian	499
											Boomerangian	499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian			Undillan	500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			Floran	503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Cambrian 3	Templetonian	504.5
											Templetonian	505.3
											Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
								Toyonian				510 *
								Toyonian				510.8 *
								Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian		Cambrian 2		514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian				521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian								Cambrian 1		529
													538.8